Hidden Dangers of ADHD Medications - 632 Words

There are many medications that affect children’s health in today’s society. Doctors prescribe lots of medication which can be avoided, when children are properly diagnosed with certain health problems. Attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has impacted many people with the danger of certain medications which is overprescribed to all ages each year. The hidden dangers of the medications these doctors are prescribing, is that our children are being misdiagnosed with ADHD at a very early age, and this is causing many different side effects. Long term use of these medications can cause severe side effects. The most commonly prescribed drugs, are Ritalin, Adderall and Concerta, which cause children to have nervousness, appetite suppression, insomnia and increased blood pressure and heart problems. Also pharmaceutical companies are well aware of the danger to children and adults that these drugs may cause. The medications doctors are now prescribing are harming our children greatly. The drug that affects our children the most is Ritalin. Doctors are providing these medications to children even before they are properly diagnosed with ADHD. Some critics suggest that some youth are simply immature and have a lack of discipline, which can lead to being mistakenly diagnosed. When ADHD is properly diagnosed doctors still gravitate toward medication, when alternative treatments are available to them. Ritalin is a drug that attack children’s nervous system, and is given toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Hidden Dangers of ADHD Medication1014 Words   |  5 PagesAbbott Hidden Dangers of ADHD Medication Medication for ADHD can cause a great deal of overdose for children that have ADHD. Their bodies will get addicted to the medication when they cannot do without them. If a patient stop taking it, their bodies will shut –down and start reacting in a strange way. These hidden symptoms can cause behavioral analysis that can evaluate the effect in medication that has form in the children body. It all starts from genetics, which cause ADHD, so it canRead MoreInformative Speech Study Drugs and College Students Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagesmysterious world of study drugs and the hidden dangers associated with them. C. Significance to Audience: Most of us are here because we all want to transfer to the best school as possible. And we will do whatever it takes. But drugs? Some of you might be tempted, and I’m here to present the facts of both the positive and negatives of such behavior. D. Overview: I will now proceed to define what a study drug is, the various types, why people use them, and what the dangers are. II. Body: A. Main Point:Read MoreAdderall : Risks With Many College Students2116 Words   |  9 Pagesworldwide. It is used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, commonly referred to as ADHD, which is a neurologically based behavioral disorder that affects both children and adults similarly. ADHD is characterized by an inability to pay attention, hyperactivity, as well as impulsive actions. Global issues continue to arise regarding Adderall. There is much debate in the medical field whether ADHD is over-diagnosed, or doctors are doing a better job detecting this disorder amongst individualsRead MorePRESCRIPTION MEDECINS USE AND ABUSE 22408 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ PRESCRIPTION MEDECINS USE AND ABUSE Krasimir Atanasov English 5 Teacher: June,2014 END NOTES 1. Waters Jo, â€Å"Taking antiobiotics ruptures my tendom: The hidden dangers of everyday drugs are assume are harmless†, 7 February 2012. 2. National Drug Intelligence Center (2010). National Threat Assessment: The Economic Impact of Illicit Drug Use on American Society. Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice. 3. Bellenir K,† Alcoholism Source book 2000†, p.19,20,21. 4Read MoreThe Harmful Nature Of American Eating Habits1988 Words   |  8 Pagesadditives are also added in order to preserve or enhance the flavor of the food or the foods created. Most people are being to understand why processed foods are harmful to the body but do not understand the specific dangers of food additives. As more Americans began to understand the dangers of processed foods, more and more people are turning towards eating organic and natural foods. There is a difference between natural and organic foods. Natural foods are not certified by any regulatory body andRead MoreMSG: The Risky Taste Essay2483 Words   |  10 Pagesthe body. (Feng) Besides the aforementioned side effects from consuming MSG, there are also several diseases that are linked to consuming foods with MSG in it. Studies have shown that diseases that are linked to MSG include, but are not limited to, ADHD, ALS, Autism due to MSG being present in some Vaccines, Depression, Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, Obesity, Myopia aka Nearsightedness, and Tinnitus, or ringing of the ears. It also has devastating effects on those that are allergic to MSG, usuallyRead MoreThe Legal And Ethical Implications Associated With Wrongful Off Label Prescribing2199 Words   |  9 Pages(Blum, 2002). By law, pharmaceutical companies are pr ohibited to advertise unapproved uses of their drug. There is a great deal of confusion in the health care field surrounding the legal ramifications for physicians that prescribe off-label medications. The FDA published the following statement in attempt to clarify some of the legality: The FDA has also recognized that the FDC Act [Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act] does not, however, limit the manner in which a physician may use an approvedRead MoreThe United Nations Convention On The Rights Of The Child2362 Words   |  10 Pageshitting or throwing things, have difficulty to learn thus having lack of social interaction with other children (Mauren, 2004). Kaiser and Rasminsky (2007) thought that It is challenging for children because this behaviour put the child and others in danger and prevent children from learning. When children have inappropriate behaviours, other peers would be afraid of that child and thus rejecting him or her to their games. Moffitt (1997) stated that these rejections can harm the child’s self-esteem andRead MoreYoung People Essay14812 Words   |  60 Pageswanted to do something which I considered risky, first of all I’d check the young persons risk assessment, then make a risk assessment of what the young person wanted t o do to outline what hazards may be involved. Then I would explain to them the dangers of doing this activity. If I considered it too risky I would tell the young person they were unable to do it and explain why. 4. Confidentiality and sharing information understanding the importance of confidentiality ConfidentialityRead MoreUnit 1 Qcf Level 3 Essay9585 Words   |  39 Pagesbe aware of an object/person even if it is out of direct visible sight.) It will also be able to recognize familiar people at longer distance (6 meters). Between the age of one and two children enjoy hide and seek games and it will find partially hidden objects. It is able to build towers of cubes when shown, turn pages of books, look at correct picture when the image is named and point to parts of the body, match colours and shapes, do jigsaw puzzles and concentrate for longer. The child starts

Outcasts Essay - 716 Words

Outcasts are universal No one wants to be an outcast. It is a terrible feeling to experience, yet almost every person has experienced this feeling at one time or another. Being an outcast does not have to be a single person that has been shut out, it can be a race, sex, or a culture too. Across the globe, people of all races and backgrounds have experienced what it’s like to be an outcast. Differences are what make people unique, but they are also the reasons that people are excluded. People do not like things that are different or new, this includes people. They see the individuals as a waste of time and quickly shut them out without even trying to give them a chance. â€Å"Only we are human-the members of our clan, our community-while†¦show more content†¦This is sadly, the way that most individuals act. They focus on beauty and looks rather than a persons personality. It is because of these disfigurements or differences that assumptions are made. â€Å" The boy was deaf, and because he could not understand what people said, they thought him foolish and dull witted† (Eden 43). Long arrow, the deaf boy, was exactly the same as the other boys from his tribe except for the fact that he was deaf. People never took the time to get to know the boy because he of that one difference. He was shunned by his village, always stuck on the outside looking in. On the other hand, it can be argued that being an outsider is not an universal experience because some travelers and newcomers would often be treated with high amounts of hospitality even though the were new to the area. Travelers were often treated respectfully because there background was not know. These people could be Burger 3 kings, nobles or messengers from god. â€Å"Back then you could never tell whether the approaching wanderer, traveler, or newcomer was a person or a human god in human disguise. That uncertainty, that fascinating ambivalence, was one of the roots of the culture of hospitality that mandated showing all kindness to the newcomer, the ultimately unknown being†(Kapuscinski 41). One would never be rude to gods messenger, and especially not to a god. This belief that the new individual could be a this holy, highShow MoreRelated The Outcast Weaver Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pages The story of Silas Marner is a beautiful, eloquently told story which gives the reader a vived depiction of the period in which it takes place in a rustic village in England in the 1800s. The story evokes many emotions from the reader as well as teaches some moral lessons about life which are timeless. The authors overall theme is a powerful demonstration of the importance of friendship and love to ones life and the devatating, dehumanizing effect the lack of friendship and love causes. SilasRead MoreSocial Outcasts and Juvenile Deliquency Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesSociety in some instances is known to reject or even isolate some individuals based on various reasons. Such individuals become unpopular, disliked, and sometimes are hated. As a result the social outcasts as they are simply referred to may develop a low self esteem and have a low social status. Social outcast are also hated, discriminated and persecuted by the society and as a result they may result into being depressed and lonely. Juvenile Delinquency refers some illegal and antisocial behaviors byRead MoreVictim by Oliver Smithfield763 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I intend to explore the narrative conventions and values, which Oliver Smithfield presents in the short story Victim. The short story positions the reader to have negative and sympathetic opinion on the issues presented. Such as power, identity and bullying. For example Mickey the young boy is having issues facing his identity. It could be argued that finding your identity may have the individual stuck trying to fit in with upon two groups. The main character Mickey is representedRead MoreA Room Of One s Own1247 Words   |  5 PagesA Room of One’s Own is an essay written by writer Virginia Woolf in 1929. The essay follows a persona Woolf creates, Mary, in her thought process to conclude that in order to write fiction, a woman needs money and a room of ones own, both of which women did not have at the time. A Room of One’s Own is a very detailed piece and requires several readings from different angles to draw out all sorts of information. Throughout this essay, I hope to examine a few of those viewpoints and explore the possibleRead MoreEssay on Social Outcasts in John Stienbeck ´s Of Mice and Men731 Words   |  3 PagesCurlys wife are all seen as four social outcasts as they each relate to a specific group in American Society. After reading Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and looking at these characters you can see that they are all social outcasts in someway. In Of Mice and Men the character Candy is an old ranch worker. Candy has been working on otheres farms for years, while working on one of these farms he lost one of his hands in a farm accident. Candy was seen as a outcast to the other rach hands just like LennieRead MoreComparison and Contrast Essay7914 Words   |  32 PagesContrast Essay Prepared for the Communication Competencies Center University of Puerto Rico at Humacao Title V Project Anà ­bal Muà ±oz Claudio May 2005 Contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦i General Objective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ii Specific Objectives †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ii How can you use this module? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...1 Part I. General Knowledge of Essay Structures and Content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Part II. Writing a Comparison and Contrast Essay†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAnalysis Of Life After High School1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe essay ‘Life After High School† by Annie Murphy Paul is about the effect of a persons high school experience on what they do later in life. Paul had been asked to be the commencement speaker at her old high schools graduation which made her wonder if our high school experience determines who people become as adults. To see both sides of the argument Paul interviewed some experts and read studies on the topic. Some of the research has shown that there some truth to the idea that high school hasRead MoreComparison of Two Personal Narratives1264 Words   |  6 Pageswritten on. For this assignment I have chosen to compare two personal narratives; The Myth of the Latin Women by Judith Cofer and Outcasts in Salt Lake City by James Weldon Johnson. Both essays cover the struggle of ethnic minorities and individuals who are at the lower end of the social spectrum, as they struggle to integrate themselves into the mainstream. Though both essays have a common theme the struggle that is encountered by Johnson is a lot more trying as he lived in an era where segregationRead MoreAnalysis Of Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes And Miss Peregrine s Home For Peculiar Children By Ransom Riggs1351 Words   |  6 PagesRevision Essay Thematic Essay: Question: The texts we read and view can open our eyes to the world around us. The human mind is one of the most extensive networks known to mankind and can be easily influenced through the use of written texts. Texts often feature themes and issues about the world around us, helping open our eyes to issues that could affect us, as a society. In Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes and Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children by Ransom Riggs, both main characters;Read MoreInfluences of Regionalist Liturature in the 20th century1481 Words   |  6 PagesHarte’s â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker † tells the tale of a gambler and other rabble rousers who were shunned from the Western mining town of Poker , which had recently seen a moral reprise. Willa Cather’s My Antonia narrates the life of Jim Burden, an upper-class boy who grows up on a Blackhawk, Nebraska farm with his immigrant friend, Antonia Shimerda. Mark Twain, Bret Harte, and Willa Cather address Realism and more so Regionalism in their respective works â€Å"Corn Pone Opinion s,† â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flats

Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law. Answer: Introduction: This is to bring to your notice that with respect to the contract between the B Food Company, certain issues may arise within such contract. Since the executive of the B Company does not wish to enter into detailed or a written contract and due to shortage of time, detail discussion regarding the terms of the contract could not be discussed, certain contractual issues might arise from such obligations. The issues are discussed in details in the following paragraphs. An agreement that is enforceable at the law is termed as a contract. The Common law does not impose any restrictions on the mode of communication that is used to form contracts. Therefore, oral or verbal contracts are equally binding as the written contracts (McKendrick 2014). In order to make a valid contract it must include the following essential elements- offer, acceptance, consideration, legal intention and certainty. The absence of any of these essential elements shall render the contract unenforceable at law. An offer is the willingness of a party to enter into a contract with another person with legal intention to be legally bound by the contract. One of the issues that may arise is the issue related to the offer of the contract. To constitute an offer, the offeror must be clear and certain while communicating the terms of the contract (Poole 2016). However, due to shortage of time, the terms proposed by the A Food company could not be discussed with the B food company. Previously, both the companies did not reach an agreement with respect to the remedies for the breach of the contract; exclusivity that is, whether Company A would be allowed to contract with other distributors or whether company B would be permitted to distribute for other companies. Further, the companies did not reach to an agreement regarding the capacity of the company B to contract the subcontractors; the companys responsibility to remove debris and the adjustment of contractual price, etc. Furthermore, for a contract to be valid, the person whom the offer was made must accept the offer. An acceptance of an offer may not result in a binding contract in case the parties do not intend to become legally bound by the contract; however, if the contract is a written contract then it shall have a binding effect upon the parties to the contract (Andrews 2015). Moreover, another issue that may arise is that since the parties are intending to enter into verbal contract, the legal intention of the parties may become a hindrance in the future. One of the shortcomings of verbal contract is that the parties may fail to become legally bounded by the contract as a verbal agreement lacks binding effect and the probability that either party may deny his or her part of the obligations. In the event of a breach of contract, it would become difficult to establish the obligation of the breaching party in the absence of a written contract (Furmston 2017). Another essential element to render a contract valid and enforceable at law, it is pertinent that the parties to the contract ensure that the agreement is not uncertain and vague so that it may give rise to a binding contract. A contract may become unenforceable if the essential terms of the contract are not settled at the time of offer and acceptance, but left for future discussion without any means of ensuring agreement (Bozovic and Hadfield 2015). As both the companies have not discussed about the essential terms yet and have left such discussion for future without any means of ensuring any written agreement. The companies had only reached to an agreement regarding the exclusivity and remedies but have not been able to discuss about other essential terms of the contract such as whether the companies can distribute for other companies and contract other distributors, responsibility to remove debris and adjustments regarding the price. There is a lack of certainty regarding these essential terms and it may give rise to contractual issues. Lastly, issues related to the breach of contract might arise with respect to the verbal agreement both the companies are intending to form. Breach of a contract refers to a violation of an essential term or terms of a contract (Fried 2015). In case of a written contract, both the parties to the contract are under statutory obligation to perform or fulfill his or her part of the obligation that may arise out of the contract. In the event when either party fails or intentionally does or omits to do any act that such party was required to do or omit to do as per the terms of the contract, such party shall be said to have committed a breach of such contract. Non- performance of a contract may amount to anticipatory breach of contract. It implies that if either party to the contract communicates to the other party that he or she shall not be able or is not willing to perform his or her part of the contractual obligation, such person shall be held liable for committing anticipatory breach of contract. However, the breaching party must communicate the same prior to the date of completion of the performance of the contract (Bayern 2015). However, since oral contracts are equally valid as written contracts, therefore it is valid that the companies enter into a valid contract. Nevertheless, a verbal contract may give rise to issues in the event of breach of the contract (O'Sullivan and Hilliard 2016). Although the companies have come to an agreement regarding the remedies that the aggrieved party may become entitled to, in case of a breach, but it would be intricate for the aggrieved party to establish the commission of the breach as the breaching party may conveniently deny his part of the contractual obligation. From the above discussion, it is evident that in order to form a valid contract, it is advisable that the companies enter into written agreement so that both the companies shall become legally bound by the contract. Further, it would be convenient for the co0mpnaies to incorporate essential terms in the contract specifically and clearly which would make the contract certain and enforceable in the court of law. Reference List Andrews, N., 2015.Contract law. Cambridge University Press. Bayern, S., 2015. Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law: A Needles Concept.Cal. L. Rev.,103, p.67. Bozovic, I. and Hadfield, G.K., 2015. Scaffolding: Using formal contracts to build informal relations in support of innovation. Fried, C., 2015.Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. OUP Us. Furmston, M.P., 2017.Cheshire, Fifoot, and Furmston's Law of Contract. Oxford university press. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). O'Sullivan, J. and Hilliard, J., 2016.The law of contract. Oxford University Press. Poole, J., 2016.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press.

Model For Data Mining Project Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Model For Data Mining Project. Answer: Introduction: One of the significant elements that should be searched for in a data mining application is to determine the reason for which the study is implemented. Data mining is utilized for proliferation of novel forms of knowledge from the existing business knowledge. The existing process model for data mining is reliant on the use of CRISP-DM reference model and the life cycle of the data mining project involves the distinct phases involved in the project, the relevant tasks involved in the phases and the interrelationship between the different tasks. Relationships among the different tasks in a data mining project are profoundly dependent on the goals as well the background of the data mining project and the significance of the data to the user (Bhattacharyya, 2015). From the perspective of a data mining consultant, the illustration of this report could provide credible insights for the AIH in determination of problem areas that could result in failure of its initiative known as, We can pay you to study now. The foremost process involved in the data mining process is business understanding which emphasizes on comprehending the project objectives and the requirements from the perspective of a business. Business understanding could also be apprehended as the comprehension of the business about its background and objectives (Fleisher Bensoussan, 2015). The business understanding process is also associated with translation of information related to project objectives and requirements into the definition of a data mining problem. The data understanding process follows the business understanding process which involves collection of initial data present in the existing database of the institution. Data understanding provides insights into the data and the quality issues that could be identified in the student information. The data preparation tasks are required to be performed multiple times involving the transformation of the existing data into a new format. The following stage of the business understanding refers to modelling which could be realized in the case of AIH through establishing specific parameters according to optimal values. Evaluation stage in the business understanding could be associated with the review of the models capacity to address business objectives of AIH (Foorthuis Brinkkemper, 2015). The results obtained from the data mining model should be reviewed in terms of their application in context of the business objectives. The final stage of business understanding would involve deployment which refers to the organization of the data and representing in a feasible manner to the institution. The deployment stage should be executed by the institute as they have to define approaches that could help them in aligning the data mining model for accomplishing business objectives (Gandhi Armstrong, 2016). The concerned case of initiative followed by AIH would involve the final outcome in the form of a report presented to the top management by data mining analyst. The report would comprise of the recommendations for the top management to adopt a repetitive data mining process in order to ensure sustainable operations of the We can pay you to study now initiative. The different processes of business understanding include determining business objectives, assessment of situation, establishing data mining objectives and presenting a project plan. In order to devise a data mining project for the initiative of AIH to provide financial assistance to students undertaking degree courses in the institution, the institute should consider it as a technological advantage that could ensure feasibility of the initiative (Jenkins Williamson, 2015). Business objectives: The data mining process must initiate with an interpretation of the background for the project. In this case, the background of the data mining process is vested in the novel initiative of AIH College to provide financial help to the students without depending on financial support from the government. The institution intends to devise new financial programs with existing financial institutions. Therefore, AIH has devised a set of objectives which must be reviewed in the initial stages of the business understanding process (Jain Srivastava, 2013). The perception of the business objectives involves determination of problem area, describing the primary objective of AIH and the success criteria that determine the extent to which the project would ensure successful outcomes from the perspective of the client. The problem areas which could be observed in the case of AIH could be observed in business development and marketing. The problem could be described generally in terms of the impact of the uncertainties and risks pertaining to financial aspects. The organization does not have an existing data mining framework to acquire information related to students and potential market research that could provide insights into the feasibility of the initiative (Khan et al., 2014). The primary motivation for the project could also be characterized as a prerequisite for the project and can be observed in encouraging higher enrolments in the various courses and degrees provided at AIH. The target group that must be identified for the project result include the management of AIH and the financial institutions with which the college intends to develop the new financial programs. The expectations of the users from the project include references to the information related to market demographics and student information. The market demographics data mining would provide the institution with a clear impression of the specific market segments in which the institute has acquire substantial enrolments (Larose, 2014). The data mining of student information would also provide an illustration of the performance of students and observe the degrees or courses in which the college has acquired higher enrolments thereby providing an interpretation of the marketing potential of different courses provided by the institute. The business objectives that could be perceived from the perspective of the client refer to improving student enrolment; provide financial assistance for students to ensure their academic fees and living expenses (Witten et al., 2016). The primary business objective could be identified in improving student enrolments which would promote its marketing potential. The secondary objectives could be identified in provision of financial aid to students for their living and study. AIH intends to facilitate a new opportunity to students for higher academic involvement through the provision of financial assistance. The financial aid provided to students would also ensure their minimal involvement in jobs during academic semesters thereby indicating the explicit improvement of academic performance. The success criteria that could be presented in context of the data mining project from the business perspective would be in the increased student enrolments and financial performance of the institution. The specific business success criteria that could be identified for AIH include the improvement of enrolment rate by 30% which is subject to evaluation by the top management of the institution. The financial performance of the business could also be assumed as a specific business criteria which can be identified by the extent to which loss in terms of interest on the capital provided to students is offset by improvement in the marketing image of AIH as well as enrolments (Zhao, 2015). Assess situation: Inventory of resources: The resources available to the data mining project for AIH could be identified in terms of the computing resources, software, personnel and data which have to be illustrated explicitly in context of this report. The inventory of resources would imply references to the personnel such as data mining personnel that would be involved in the process of data mining for AIH. The data aspect of resources in context of this project includes references to the access to operational data related to student enrolments and the revenue earned l enrolments (Foorthuis Brinkkemper, 2015). The computing resources that are available in context of the existing situation would be observed in terms of the hardware resources in the institution for maintaining database of student information. Sources of data and knowledge: The data sources that could be identified in context of the data mining project involve written documentation and the information stored in the institutional database. The knowledge sources for implementing the data mining project would also be observed in the availability of tools and techniques as well as background knowledge pertaining to the intended initiative of AIH to provide financial assistance to students. The type of data source in the case of AIH is written documentation which can be identified in the paperwork completed by students during enrolment. The market information related to AIH could also be accounted as another data source. The online sources pertaining to the data mining process could also be accounted as a valid knowledge source. The information related to successful examples of implementation of data mining could also be accounted as viable knowledge sources (Gandhi Armstrong, 2016). The tools and techniques that could be implemented in context of AIH for acquiring data involve market research reports and demographic analysis. Information in context of the accounts of AIH could also be considered as credible type of data source that can be implemented in the data mining process. The formal description of the background would involve references to the availability of information related to standard models of data mining through the secondary information. Requirements, assumptions and constraints: The project would be executed over the course of a week which could be used to describe the schedule of completion. The individual stages of the business understanding in data mining have to be understood distinctly in order to allocate the time required for completion. The schedule of the project can be presented in the form of a chart as follows. Stage of the project Day1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Business understanding Data understanding Data preparation Modelling Evaluation Deployment The quality of the results and the interpretation of their application in context of AIH could be based on the assumptions made regarding data. The existing data available for the project in terms of student information could be assumed as sources which have not been updated. Data obtained from the online sources pertaining to the basics of data mining and the examples of successful cases of data mining projects as well as standard data mining packages could be accounted as checkable assumptions that could be reviewed during the process of data mining on the basis of data quality (Jain Srivastava, 2013). The business related assumptions could be observed in the intended outcomes from the project such as improvement of the marketing image of AIH which could be possible through the initiative. This can be considered as a non-checkable assumption since the initiative for providing financial assistance to students could be related to the marketing potential of the institution. The constraints which are involved in case of AIH include the lack of resources for implementing the project alongside the minimal timeframe allocated for completion of the project (Gandhi Armstrong, 2016). The prominent constraints are observed in the data understanding process which was subject to issues related to perception of quality of the data. The ethical constraints established in context of the data mining project are observed in the lack of access to information related to personal background of students. The legal constraints involved in the project could be observed in the form of limitations on the information sharing privileges of the institute with the involved financial organizations. The risks that could be identified in context of the project could be classified into different categories such as business risks, financial risks, technical risks and organizational risks. The business risks posed for the project involve the possibilities of irrelevance of the data mining outcomes for the objectives of AIH. Therefore the contingency plan that could be presented to address this risk would be vested in selected of optimal parameters for data organization. The organizational risk that can be observed in context of this case study refers to probabilities of resistance from institution management on the basis of ambiguities related to funding for the additional project (Bhattacharyya, 2015). The contingency plan for the organizational risk refers to communication of data mining as a source of competitive advantage to the management and informing them about the test outcomes of data mining in AIH. The data risks are also identified in context of lesser quality which can be addressed through research and reorganization of the data. Data mining goals: The data mining goals could be described in the form of expected outputs from the project which affect the business objectives. The data mining goals refer to the identification of the share of individuals that have a degree in a specific population and the success degree of students in AIH. The success of students in academic performance at AIH could be integrated as a viable data to identify the institutions ability to project its marketing image. The demographic classification of students could also be accounted as a data mining goal in context of this project. This objective would be helpful for AIH to determine the market segments belonging to lower income class thereby acquiring an interpretation of the potential market for AIH. References Bhattacharyya, S.C., 2015. Mini-grid based electrification in Bangladesh: Technical configuration and business analysis. Renewable Energy, 75, pp.745-761. Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015. Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Foorthuis, R. and Brinkkemper, S., 2015. Best practices for business and systems analysis in projects conforming to enterprise architecture. Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures, 3(1), pp.36-47. Gandhi, N. and Armstrong, L., 2016, March. Applying data mining techniques to predict yield of rice in Humid Subtropical Climatic Zone of India. In Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2016 3rd International Conference on (pp. 1901-1906). IEEE. Jenkins, W. and Williamson, D., 2015. Strategic management and business analysis. Routledge. Jain, N. and Srivastava, V., 2013. Data mining techniques: a survey paper. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2(11), pp.2319-1163. Khan, M.M.H., Le, H.K., Ahmadi, H., Abdelzaher, T.F. and Han, J., 2014. Troubleshooting interactive complexity bugs in wireless sensor networks using data mining techniques. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN), 10(2), p.31. Larose, D.T., 2014. Discovering knowledge in data: an introduction to data mining. John Wiley Sons. Witten, I.H., Frank, E., Hall, M.A. and Pal, C.J., 2016. Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann. Zhao, Y., 2015. Data mining techniques.

Capital Punishment Essays (1634 words) - Penology,

Capital Punishment The topic I chose for my research paper is Capital punishment. I chose this topic because I think Capital punishment should be banned in all states. The death penalty violates religious beliefs about killing, remains unfair to minorities and is therefore unconstitutional, and is inhumane and barbaric. The death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments (Bedau 2). Those who had shown no respect for life would be restrained, permanently if necessary, so they could not further endanger other members of the community (Cauthen 2). But the purpose of confinement would not be vengeance or punishment (Cauthen 2). Rather an ideal community would show no mercy even to those who had shown no mercy (Cauthen 2). It would return good for evil. The aim of isolation is reconciliation and not revenge. Although the founders of the new country were generally in favor of the death penalty for certain crimes, many Americans in the late Eighteenth and early Nineteenth century were highly vocal opponents, known as abolitionists (Stewart 12). The best known of the American abolitionists was Dr. Benjamin Rush, a signer of The Declaration of Independence and a confidant of Benjamin Franklin (Stewart 12). Like many other Americans at the time, Rush equated the death penalty with a cruel monarchy specifically that of England's George and believed that the new republic should have nothing to do with executions (Stewart 12). Rush wrote a number of pamphlets and books arguing that the very idea of a death penalty contradicted the notion of humanity and divine love (Stewart 12). "Who are we to destroy what god has made". It is far better to reform a criminal than to destroy him. It is shown that Capital punishment leads many citizens suffering before they are officially dead. When Mississippi executed Jimmy Lee Gray in the gas chamber in 1983, his head was not immobilized (Stewart 30). As the poison gas began suffocating Gray, eyewitnesses and media representatives reporting Gray "suffering a torturous death, his head flailing about wildly, smashing the medal pipe (behind his chair used for support) many times before he lost consciousness" (Stewart 30). The electric chair and hanging too, sometimes fail to be quick, and there have been glitches in lethal injections- executioners have sometimes had difficulty finding usable veins into which to inject the poison, and some victims have suffered breathing trauma before being rendered unconscious by the injection (Stewart 30). Several electrocutions in recent years have taken more than fifteen minutes to kill the condemned man, and meanwhile he has been severely burnt (Stewart 76). How can it serve the purposes of a modern society to condone such torture. Americans also express great concern over the possibility that an innocent person maybe killed by the state for the crime he or she did not commit (Jackson 45). At least 23 cases have resulted in the execution of innocent people (Jackson 45). Since 1900, this country, there have been on the average more than four cases per year in which an entirely innocent person was convicted of murder. (Bedau 8). Scores of these people were sentenced to death. In many cases, a reprieve or commutation arrived just hours, or even minutes, before the scheduled execution (Bedau). In 1986 a white women was shot and killed at a dry cleaners in Monroeville, Alabama. (Stewart 66). The town was shocked by the murder; however, for the next eight months the police were unable to come up with any likely suspects (Stewart 66). Finally police arrested Walter McMillian, a black man who lived in a nearby town. (Stewart 66). McMillian denied murdering the women at the dry cleaners; he claimed he was at a fish fry all that day with friends and relatives (Stewart 66). In fact, his story corroborated by several people (Stewart 66). Nevertheless, McMillian was arrested, tried, convicted, and imprisoned on death row even before formal sentencing (Stewart 66). For more than six years, Walter McMillian lived on death row while various appeals were filed in his behalf, all of which were denied (Stewart 67). Eventually, however, new attorneys took over the case an a volunteer basis, and were able to demonstrate serious improprieties in the prosecution's case, such as withholding evidence that would have proved McMillian's innocence (Stewart 67). The television show 60 minutes featured McMillian's case in November 1992 (Stewart 67). Partly because of outraged public response to the report, Alabama agreed to begin a new investigation, and eventually admitted that a terrible mistake had been made (Stewart 67). On March

The Face Of Government - Discussion Unit 8 Example

The Face Of Government The Face Of Government The Face of Government At the center of social welfare programs is a need to reduce poverty. Every key industrialized country has put in place some programs meant to transfer part of the country’s GDP to the populace in an effort to uplift the well-being of individuals on the lower side of income distribution. While these programs were meant to reduce the poverty levels, the contrary has actually happened. There are three reasons why this may be happening.To begin with, while these social welfare programs were meant for the poor, most of it actually ends up with the upper and middle classes (Crook 46). For example, more than half of tax benefits and transfer payments dispensed in 1991 ended up with individuals earning more than $30000. Secondly, social welfare programs have been known to foster reliance on the benefits rather than encourage the people to work their way out of poverty (Friedman 125). The welfare programs pay sufficient amount to keep these people alive but not to get them out of their condition.Third, if you look at the programs on the broader economic perspective, social welfare programs are known to undermine the country’s economic growth. According to the theory of equality-equity tradeoff, higher progressive taxation rates and increased government benefits lower the incentive to work or invest. This undermines the reason they came to be in the first place. Recent developments in the social security and Medicare raise doubts about the possibility of the programs being there in the next few years. Rather than use social security income, Cost of living Adjustment based on Chained CPI means eroding the Social Security Income is buying power that would be detrimental to low income earners. In addition, the proposal to extend the age at which one starts earning raises doubts about the feasibility of the programs in the future. In addition, the government’s ability to remit the Social Security and Medicare Benefits has been put to doubt by its inability to raise debt ceiling.ConclusionThe future seems very bleak for the social security and Medicare programs. Going by the current developments in the government sphere as far as these benefits are concerned, chances are they will not be there for long.Works citedFriedman, Milton. Free to Choose. New York, NY: Anchor, 1979. Print.Crook, Clive. The Future of the Medicare programs. New York: Penguin, 1997.Castles, Francis. Worlds of Welfare and Families of Nations. Denver: MacMurray, 1993. Print.

Film analysis with historical theme Research Paper

Film analysis with historical theme - Research Paper Example ty in the United States in comparison to the poverty of South America and the resulting desperation, the film does open up the discussion and provide a beginning toward the hope of a solution to the problems of labor abuses and poverty. Maria’s journey is an example of the hard choices that must be made when economic pressure leaves one vulnerable to exploitation. The story of Maria Full of Grace follows the journey of a young, teenage woman who is pregnant and chooses to act as a mule for drug runners after losing her job due to unfair treatment by her boss, in order to provide an income for herself, her coming child, and the rest of her family in Columbia. After a brush with authorities at the airport, she and the other mules who came with her are taken to a motel room where one of the women experiences a rupture of one of the drug balloons and dies. The drug runners cut open her body to retrieve the drugs, and in fear Maria and another mule escape from the room, taking with them the drugs. Ultimately, Maria decides to stay within the United States in order to give her child and herself a chance through the opportunities that she perceives that do not exist in her own country. The film portrays the economic climate of Columbia where drug cartels rule the nation. The drug trade is the core of the nature of economic stability in Columbia and once in the United States, the characters find themselves facing the hope of opportunity that they did not have in their home country. According to Boyd, the director was attempting to â€Å"perceive as the link between history and biography and the relationship between the two in society, our personal troubles, and the social structures† (140). A criticism that Boyd discusses, however, is that no connection between the complicity of the United States to the drug trade in Columbia, as well as fully explore the state of exploited women within the dynamic of that atmosphere. Boyd states that â€Å"Poor and racialized women are

Is China shape up to be the next nation of innovation, moving away Essay

Is China shape up to be the next nation of innovation, moving away from the reputation of world's factory - Essay Example It is not just the emerging economies that need to be innovative; the developed countries have to step-up the rate of innovation to drive faster productivity growth that will help sustain healthy economic growth rates. Innovation leads to increased productivity and prosperity of a nation which in turn means world economic growth. Innovation addresses the most pressing social and human challenges. The social and human challenges can be met through education which brings about lifestyle changes in the people. Overall, the national environment matters to attain success in innovative activity. According to a recent survey conducted by the research firm the Economic Intelligence Unit Japan has been declared as the most innovative country, ahead of the US, Switzerland and Sweden. Innovation according to this study is â€Å"the application of knowledge in a novel way, primarily for economic benefit† (Blackcoat, 2007)2. The study has also indicated that China will see great progress for innovation while the US will remain the most â€Å"suitable place for innovation†. The study further suggests that there is no substitute for good education or for policies that encourage investment in IT communication infrastructure (Finfacts, 2007)3. Businesses consider innovation as a way to beat their competitors. For the economy to prosper the governments see the need for an innovative environment. Hence, innovation, government and businesses are linked together (Valery & Kekic, 2007)4. Firms collaborate with customers to product innovative products and personalize it; process innovation becomes important to design and improvise on the existing product and enhance productivity. Talents from different economies interact with each other to strengthen the links among personalization, collaboration and innovation. This has far-reaching implications for global business and for the nation

Longitudinal method compared with 5 other methods in text book Research Paper - 1

Longitudinal method compared with 5 other methods in text book - Research Paper Example In essence, longitudinal studies usually allow tracking of people; therefore, different longitudinal surveys given people are less likely to be the true reflection of cultural or behavior different over a given period (Jin and Rounds, 2012). Longitudinal research methods allow observation of changes in a more accurate way; therefore, it can be applied in different fields particularly business field among other fields (Bryman, 2012). Notably, longitudinal studies often allow accurate observation of changes that occur during the study in numerous fields. In nursing and medicine fields, the study is often designed to reveal the predictors of certain diseases. In marketing, the same study is often applied to identify the needed changes to advertisements due to attitude and behavior changes within the targeted audience. Longitudinal studies are classified among the observational studies; thus, it its application cannot allow the manipulation of variables of the study (Lee and Xia, 2011). In some instances, it has been noted that the longitudinal studies are less powerful to detect any causal relationship between variables than other experimental research methods (Wagner, 2010). However, due to their repeated observations at individual levels, longitudinal studies are more powerful than other cross-sectional observational studies. Additionally, longitudinal studies are capable of excluding time invariants within the unobservable individual difference, and they allow temporal observation of order of events (Morrow, 2011). Nonetheless, the longitudinal studies are every expensive since they take a longer period to be accomplished; thus, making it less convenient research method. Additionally, longitudinal studies may lack accuracy since sometimes they experience changes in variables especially in case of death of a particular data set. These underlying differences and similarities between longitudinal research studies allows to compared with

Correlation Between Gene Mutations and Phenylketonuria

Correlation Between Gene Mutations and Phenylketonuria Mutations of the Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Gene in Iranian Patients with Phenylketonuria Correlation between gene mutations and Phenylketonuria Alireza Biglari1, Fatemeh Saffari 2, Safarali Alizadeh3, Zahra Rashvand 3 , Reza Najafipour4, Mehdi Sahmani4 ABSTRACT Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disease results from point mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. Objectives: The aim of this study was the identification of sixteen different mutations in Iranian patients with hyperphenylalanemia. Patients and Methods: The mutations were detected during the characterization of PAH genotypes of 39 PKU patients from Qazvin and Zanjan provinces of Iran. Results: These mutations have been analyzed by using PCR and direct sequencing of PCR products, including the splicing sites and the promoter region of all 13 exons of PAH gene . A mutation detection rate of 74.3% was realized. Two mutations were found at high frequencies:R176X(10.25%) and P281L (10.25%).The frequencies of the other mutations were: p.R261Q(7.69%), p.R261X(5.12%), p.R252Q(5.12%),IVS2+5G>A(2.56%),IVS2+5G>C(2.56%),p.L48S(2.56%),c.632delC(2.56%), p.E280K(2.56%), p.R243Q(2.56%), p.I283N(2.56%), IVS9 +5G>A(2.56%), IVS9+1G>A(1.28%), IVS11+1G>C(1.28%), p.C357R(1.28%). Conclusions: The present results confirm the high heterogeneity of the PAH locus and contribute to information about the distribution and frequency of PKU mutations in the Iranian population Key Words: Phenylketonuria. PAH gene. Iranian population. mutation detection 1. Background Deficiency of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) [EC.1.14.16.1] is the major frequent cause of hyperphenylalaninemia (1). Phenylalanine hydroxylase convert phenylalanine (Phe) to tyrosine. This enzyme encoded by PAH gene that located on chromosome 12q23.2. The PAH has 13 exons and 12 introns and is 90 kb in size (2). Mutations in any exon of this gene cause damage to the PAH enzyme. Defection of PAH lead to toxic accumulation of phenylalanine in the body fluids and cause damage to the nervous system. This injury can be resulted to growth failure, microcephaly, mental retardation and neurobehavioral abnormalities (3). Phenylketonuria (PKU, MIM# 261600) is one of the most common inborn prevalent disorders of amino acid metabolism characterized by a defect in the hepatic PAH and subsequently phenylalanine accumulation in body fluids (4). According to blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels, PKU has been classified as mild PKU, mild hyperphenylalaninemia (MHP) and classical PKU. Classical PKU is the most severe form of this disorder. Phenylalanine restricted dietary treatment prevents the neurotoxic complications of Phe and its metabolites if it is implemented at an early age (5). The prevalence of PKU varies worldwide. In Caucasians, the prevalence is about 1/10000 live births (5) while Iranian population incidence is 1/3627 (6). In fact, the high rate of consanguineous marriages in Iran may be a contributing factor to the high incidence (References ). The molecular bases of PKU have been studied in different populations, So far, more than several hundred different mutations in the PAH gene have been identified by the PAH Mutation Analysis Consortium in the PKU patients. These mutations have been listed in the PAH mutation Analysis Consortium database (http:// www. Pahb.mcgill.ca). The most frequently occurring type of PAH gene mutations are missense (7). The mutations of PAH gene demonstrate considerable ethnic groups and geographic areas variations (8). Previous researches have shown a correlation between PAH genotypes and metabolic phenotypes in PKU patients. Those studies have demonstrated the phenotypic relations of particular mutation combinations (9-11). Mutation analysis of a given population can be useful for the better understanding functional aspects of mutant proteins and the relationship between genotype and phenotype. 2. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular basis of PKU in all PKU Patients from two adjacent provinces of North West of IRAN; Qazvin and Zanjan. For this purpose, all 13 exons of the PAH gene of all patients were analyzed using direct sequencing for detecting of any genetic variations include mutations, polymorphisms and others. 3. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive study; we selected all children with known PAH deficiency living in Qazvin and Zanjan provinces. Thirty-nine unrelated children were enrolled after obtaining informed consents from the parents. All selected cases have several grades of mental retardation except few patients who have diagnosed during neonatal screening exam. Before molecular studies, The PAH activity and phenylalanine concentration of all patient serum samples were measured by standard conventional biochemical methods. The blood phenylalanine concentration ≠¥20 mg/dl was clinical criteria for classical PKUdiagnosis (12). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples using Qiagen DNA purification kit (Valencia, CA, USA). Specific primers for all 13 exons of PAH gene were designed by primer 3 software and verified them by NCBI database. The PCR conditions for all exons were set experimentally based on each primer specifity. The primers and their reaction specificaions were summarized in table 4. The PCR tests were done by Verity ABI thermal cycler (ABI, USA). PCR products were electrophoresed in 2% agarose gel and visualized after staining by gel red nucleic acid stain (Biotiom; U.S.A). For scanning PAH gene in order to finding any variation in the 13 exons, all amplicons were sequenced by ABI 3130 genetic analyzer (ABI; USA) and the results were matched up to the human genomic DNA sequence in GenBank database to explore the probably mutations. Values were presented as the mean  ± standard deviation and statistical significance was defined as p0.05. All analyses, including the x2 test were carri ed out using SPSS 16 software (SPSS Inc. Chicago. IL. USA). Ethical Considerations of this study was approved by the ethics committee of Qazvin University of medical sciences (Ethic cods; ). 4. Results In this study, a total of 39 PKU patients were subjected to scanning PAH gene heterogeneity from Qazvin and Zanjan province. Among 39 patients, 24 come from the Qazvin province, 15 from the Zanjan. The subjects have 1 month to 10 years old. The serum phenylalanine concentration of all patients was ≠¥20 mg/dl. By whole genome sequencing method, 16 different mutations were found in 78 mutant alleles (Diagnostic efficiency 74.3%). The mutations included eight missense mutations (50%), five splice mutations (31%), two nonsense mutations (12.5%) and one deletion (6.25%). All of the mutations were reported in previous studies (REFERENCES). (Table 1). Exon 7, 6, 2 and the flanking intronic regions consist 85.5% of the mutant alleles. The most frequent of mutations were p.R176X and p.P281L by 10.5% frequency followed by p.R261Q (7.69%), p.R261X and p.R252Q (5.12%) which consist nearly 40% of all mutations. The p.R261X and p.R252Q Mutations were less frequent. All other mutations had frequencies less than 3%. Among the 39 unrelated families studied, 20 (51.2%) were homozygote, 6 (15.3%) heterozygote and 2 (5.12 %) were compound heterozygote and 11 (28.2%) were no PKU causing mutations. In addition, the p.L385L, p.Q232Q and p.V245V polymorphisms also were detected in our study with the frequency of 84%, 51% and 17% respectively. These polymorphisms were seen the highest prevalence in PAH gene at other reports (Table 2). Table 3 are shown genotypes of 39 PKU patients too. 5. Discussion In this research, we looked for genetic heterogeneity in 13 exons of the PAH gene of all PKU patients that admitted to Qazvin and Zanjan University of medical sciences health systems in order to finding causative PKU disease genetic factor. From this experiment, 29 of 39 PKU patients were found to contain the mutation in one or more exons of PAH gene. Our analysis of the homozygosity of the mutations were nearly similar to that observed in northwestern Iranian populations (13). The majority of the recognized mutations were situated in the catalytic domains (143-410 amino acid), and some of them (P281L, R252W) were located in the cofactor binding regions. The most common mutation in our subjects was P281L. These data have the same opinion with other results obtained from Iran (13-14). The P281L mutation in exon 7 with a relative frequency of 10.5% is C→T substitution that lead to conversation of Pro to Leu at codon 281 of PAH gene. The another more frequent mutation in our stu dy was p.R176X (10.25%) which is similar to data obtained from another study at Khorasan Razavi region (14). Previous study on the genotype / phenotype association demonstrated generally a positive correlation between R176 X mutation and classic phenotype (15). Several studies have reported IVS10-11G>A mutation. This is a splice mutation in the end of intron 10 that observed with a high incidence in Mediterranean region, Brazil and some area of Iran including East Azarbaijan, Semnan, Khorasan Razavi and Hamadan (16-19). However this mutation was not found in the present study. The virtual absence of this mutation in our study may reflect the regional variability of populations. The next most frequent mutation in present study was R261Q (7.69%) that occurs on a CpG mutation hotspot on exon 7 that leads to conversion of Arg to Gln at codon 261 of PAH. This mutation is common in the Mediterranean and southern Europe but low incidence in Spain (18, 20-21). We found also R243Q mutation i n 2.5% frequency while other researcher were found it in China and Korea in 18.2% and 12% frequency respectively. Most mutant alleles of PAH that manipulate its transcription and translation can decrease the intracellular stability of protein and finally reduce enzyme function completely. we also explore the association between mutations and polymorphism variations. We observed c.755G>A mutation and c.168+19T>C polymorphism on the same allele together. We also detected association between the p.Q232Q polymorphism and c.842C>T, C781C>T, c.782G>A, c.755G>A and c.526C>T mutations that occurred on the same allele in cis form. similar association have been reported in the previous study (14). In our study, the most mutant alleles were located on exon 7 and 6 (73%). Other studies in Iranian population were reported agreement results with our findings (14, 16). Thereby to plan detection strategy; the samples will be screened first for mutations in these regions. If mutations were not identified, the other exons and their adjacent will be tested. Our results of Iranian individuals with PKU confirm a heterogeneous spectrum of mutations, displaying different ethnic and geographical origins. Moreover, our findings were slightly different from other ethnic groups. These findings can be useful to genotype/phenotype relationship in patients and provide future some ability to confirmatory diagnostic testing, prognosis and predict severity of PKU patients. [V1] References: 1.Guldberg P, Rey F, Zschocke J, Romano V, Francois B, Michiels L, et al. A European multicenter study of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency: classification of 105 mutations and a general system for genotype-based prediction of metabolic phenotype. American journal of human genetics. 1998 Jul;63(1):71-9. 2.Santos LL, Fonseca CG, Starling AL, Januario JN, Aguiar MJ, Peixoto MG, et al. Variations in genotype-phenotype correlations in phenylketonuria patients. Genetics and molecular research : GMR. 2010;9(1):1-8. 3.Zhang J, Meng J, Zhai X, Fang G, Gao J, Shi M, et al. [Identification of novel mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene of classical phenylketonuria]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics. 2005 Apr;22(2):134-7. 4.Williams RA, Mamotte CD, Burnett JR. Phenylketonuria: an inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism. The Clinical biochemist Reviews / Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. 2008 Feb;29(1):31-41. 5.Olsson GM, Montgomery SM, Alm J. Family conditions and dietary control in phenylketonuria. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2007 Oct;30(5):708-15. 6.Koochmeshgi J, Bagheri A, Hosseini-Mazinani SM. Incidence of phenylketonuria in Iran estimated from consanguineous marriages. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2002 Feb;25(1):80-1. 7.Scriver CR. The PAH gene, phenylketonuria, and a paradigm shift. Human mutation. 2007 Sep;28(9):831-45. 8.Zschocke J. Phenylketonuria mutations in Europe. Human mutation. 2003 Apr;21(4):345-56. 9.Kayaalp E, Treacy E, Waters PJ, Byck S, Nowacki P, Scriver CR. Human phenylalanine hydroxylase mutations and hyperphenylalaninemia phenotypes: a metanalysis of genotype-phenotype correlations. American journal of human genetics. 1997 Dec;61(6):1309-17. 10.Desviat LR, Perez B, Garcia MJ, Martinez-Pardo M, Baldellou A, Arena J, et al. Relationship between mutation genotype and biochemical phenotype in a heterogeneous Spanish phenylketonuria population. European journal of human genetics : EJHG. 1997 Jul-Aug;5(4):196-202. 11.Romano V, Guldberg P, Guttler F, Meli C, Mollica F, Pavone L, et al. PAH deficiency in Italy: correlation of genotype with phenotype in the Sicilian population. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 1996;19(1):15-24. 12.Guttler F. Hyperphenylalaninemia: diagnosis and classification of the various types of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency in childhood. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica Supplement. 1980;280:1-80. 13.Bonyadi M, Omrani O, Moghanjoghi SM, Shiva S. Mutations of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in Iranian Azeri Turkish patients with phenylketonuria. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers. 2010 Apr;14(2):233-5. 14.Hamzehloei T, Hosseini SA, Vakili R, Mojarad M. Mutation spectrum of the PAH gene in the PKU patients from Khorasan Razavi province of Iran. Gene. 2012 Sep 10;506(1):230-2. 15.Acosta A, Silva W, Jr., Carvalho T, Gomes M, Zago M. Mutations of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in Brazilian patients with phenylketonuria. Human mutation. 2001 Feb;17(2):122-30. 16.Zare-Karizi S, Hosseini-Mazinani SM, Khazaei-Koohpar Z, Seifati SM, Shahsavan-Behboodi B, Akbari MT, et al. Mutation spectrum of phenylketonuria in Iranian population. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2011 Jan;102(1):29-32. 17.Kleiman S, Avigad S, Vanagaite L, Shmuelevitz A, David M, Eisensmith RC, et al. Origins of hyperphenylalaninemia in Israel. European journal of human genetics : EJHG. 1994;2(1):24-34. 18.Rivera I, Leandro P, Lichter-Konecki U, Tavares de Almeida I, Lechner MC. Population genetics of hyperphenylalaninaemia resulting from phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency in Portugal. Journal of medical genetics. 1998 Apr;35(4):301-4. 19.Dianzani I, Giannattasio S, de Sanctis L, Alliaudi C, Lattanzio P, Dionisi Vici C, et al. Characterization of phenylketonuria alleles in the Italian population. European journal of human genetics : EJHG. 1995;3(5):294-302. 20.Perez B, Desviat LR, De Lucca M, Ugarte M. Spectrum and origin of phenylketonuria mutations in Spain. Acta paediatrica. 1994 Dec;407:34-6. 21.Loeber JG. Neonatal screening in Europe; the situation in 2004. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2007 Aug;30(4):430-8. Table 1 spectrum and frequency of PAH mutations identified in 39 patients Table 2 PAH polymorphisms identified in 39 patients Table 3 Distributional genotypes in 39 PKU patients Genotype Polymorphism Number of patients u/u c.168+19T>C , c.1155G>C,c.696A>G 1 c.838G>Ap.E280K/ c.838G>Ap.E280K c.735G>A,c.912G>A,c.1155C>G 1 u/u

causes of french revoultionary war Essay -- essays research papers

The causes of the French Revolution, the uprising which brought the regime of King Louis XVI to an end, were manifold. France in 1789 was one of the richest and most powerful nations in Europe; only in Great Britain and the Netherlands did the common people have more freedom and less chance of arbitrary punishment. Nevertheless, the ancien rà ©gime was brought down, partly by its own rigidity in the face of a changing world, partly by the ambitions of a rising bourgeoisie, allied with aggrieved peasants and wage-earners and with individuals of all classes who were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment. As the revolution proceeded and as power devolved from the monarchy to legislative bodies, the conflicting interests of these initially allied groups would become the source of conflict and bloodshed. Absolutism and privilege France in 1789 was, at least in theory, an absolute monarchy, an increasingly unpopular form of government at the time. In practice, the king\\\\\\'s ability to act on his theoretically absolute power was hemmed in by the (equally resented) power and prerogatives of the nobility and the clergy, the remnants of feudalism. Similarly, the peasants covetously eyed the relatively greater prerogatives of the townspeople. The large and growing middle class — and some of the nobility and of the working class — had absorbed the ideology of equality and freedom of the individual, brought about by such philosophers as Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Turgot, and other theorists of the Enlightenment. The example of the American Revolution showed them that it was plausible that Enlightenment ideals about governmental organization might be put into practice. Some of the American revolutionaries, such as Benjamin Franklin, had stayed in Paris, where they were in frequent contact with the French intellectuals; furthermore, contact between the American revolutionaries and the French troops who had assisted them resulted in the spread of revolutionary ideals to the French. Many in France attacked the undemocratic nature of the government, pushed for freedom of speech, and challenged the Catholic Church and the prerogatives of the nobles. There is controversy over exactly how deeply Enlightenment ideals penetrated the various classes, and over the degree to which these ideals were simply cover for bourgeois self-interest. For example, Karl Marx writing in ... ...parlements objected to this as \\\\\\"ministerial tyranny\\\\\\". In response, several nobles including Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orleans suffered banishment, resulting in a further series of conflicting decrees by the king and the parlements. The conflict spilled out of the courts (and beyond the nobility) with disturbances in Dauphinà ©, Brittany, Provence, Flanders, Languedoc, and Bà ©arn. Despite ancien rà ©gime France being, in theory, an absolute monarchy, it became clear that the royal government could not successfully effect the changes it desired without the consent of the nobility. The financial crisis had become a political crisis as well. Famine These problems were all compounded by a great scarcity of food in the 1780s. Different crop failures in the 1780s caused these shortages, which of course led to high prices for bread. Perhaps no cause more motivated the Paris mob that was the engine of the revolution more than the shortage of bread. The poor conditions in the countryside had forced rural residents to move into Paris, and the city was overcrowded and filled with the hungry and disaffected. The peasants suffered doubly from the economic and agricultural problems.

Provide Support for Mobility

Provide support for mobility (HSC 2002) Outcome 1 Understand the importance of mobility 1. define mobility Mobility is defined as, * being able to move or be moved freely and easily * the ability to move physically * The ability to move a part of the body 2. explain how different health conditions may affect and be affected by mobility No matter an individuals age, level of disability or infirmity it is important that everyone maintains some level of exercise. There are a vast range of disabilities and conditions which can result in mobility difficulties.Some of the most common on-going or permanent conditions result from muscular and skeletal disabilities and from on-going medical conditions which affect mobility. Some examples of disabilities and conditions which can have an impact on mobility are: Back and neck problems, accidents or injury leading to long term disability, arthritis and any other condition affecting the joints, dementia, amputation, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosi s, partial or total paralysis, cerebral palsy and head injury.Other conditions such as respiratory and cardiac diseases, epilepsy, diabetes, cancer and AIDS can all have an impact on co-ordination, dexterity, strength, speed and stamina. There are a vast range of health conditions which can be improved by mobility, here are a few. After an individual has suffered a stroke areas of their body will be weak and it is important that a physiotherapist devises a programme of exercise to strengthen the weak areas in order to regain the mobility.After joint surgery such as hip replacement exercise is key to making a full recovery and mobility of the joint. For individuals who are asthmatic or with chest problems, exercise can expand airways to make breathing easier. 3. outline the effects that reduced mobility may have on an individual’s well-being Both mobility and physical difficulties, and regular or constant pain can impact on an individual’s overall sense of wellbeing. So me people may be affected at times by low-self esteem and self confidence, and motivational difficulties.Keeping mobile is extremely important for health and for giving an individual increased self esteem and a sense of well being. It is vital as we get older to maintain our mobility, to help us remain active as an elderly person and avoid having to sit in a chair all day. Being mobile enables individuals to remain independent. Being able to go when and where they want when they want without having to rely on others for assistance can make a major difference to individuals lives. 4. describe the benefits of maintaining and improving mobility.It is important to maintain and improve mobility and this can be done through exercise. The benefits of exercise for any individual regardless of the level of their disability are both physical and an emotional improvement in their condition. Physically exercise increases heart and lung activity which improves and strengthens the cardiovascular system, which controls breathing and blood circulation. Physical exercise also increases the use of muscles which improves the muscles strength and tone. It also improves sleep and burns calories to keep our weight balanced.Frequent and regular physical exercise boosts the immune system, and helps prevent the â€Å"diseases of affluence† such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity. It also improves mental health, helps prevent depression and helps to promote or maintain positive self esteem. By maintaining and improving an individual’s mobility it will increase their independence and freedom to choose actions and destinations. Outcome 2 Be able to prepare for mobility activities The learner can: 1. gree mobility activities with the individual and others Exercise can be both formal and informal. It could also take place as a group or as an individual. Exercise as a formal programme will be assessed by a physiotherapist and will help to inc rease mobility, improve strength stamina or suppleness. An exercise programme has usually been devised by a specialist in order to meet a specific outcome, so it is important to encourage the individual to follow the programme by explaining it’s importance and getting them to agree with it.You need to carry out an exercise programme exactly as specified in the care plan and record and report the outcomes and any problems at each step. Others involved in an individual’s mobility activities could include an occupational therapist, physiotherapist, G. P. or community nurse. If the mobility activities are less formal and the outcome required is to maintain the individual’s mobility on a daily basis this can be done through active support and encouragement. You should encourage the individual to do things for themselves and participate in activity and exercise where possible.An example would be to encourage their participation in household activities You should ident ify and agree with the individual the best way for them to maintain their mobility and any preferences to the form of exercise they prefer. It is important to ensure the individual agrees as it is important they are willing to participate in order for the programme to work. 2. remove or minimise hazards in the environment before beginning a mobility activity It is important to carry out a risk assessment of the environment prior to beginning a mobility activity.This is to ensure the health and safety of the individual and yourself and prevent any accidents or injuries from occurring. You need to carry out a risk assessment in relation to both the activity and the individual. This will include * The floor surface is safe and free of trip hazards * The support the individual needs in the area of equipment and number of carers * Ensure any walking aids to be used are being used properly and have been measured correctly for size of the individualIf the individual is wheelchair bound or bed bound * Ensure the chair/bed is stable and the brakes are on 3. check the suitability of an individual’s clothing and footwear for safety and mobility The individual should be wearing comfortable, easy wear clothing items to allow for mobility and unrestricted movement. Shoes should be comfortable and firm and offer good support and with non slip soles. The correct type of clothing is also important to preserve an individual’s dignity if they are bending and stretching. . check the safety and cleanliness of mobility equipment and appliances. Any equipment used should be checked to ensure it is safe and clean before use. Any walking aids should be measured correctly and be the correct size for the individual. Usually any equipment to be used will be recommended by a professional such as a physiotherapist or occupational therapist, who will ensure the individual can used the aid correctly and safely. Walking sticks – for an individual needing some support, mai nly to give confidenceTo ensure a walking stick is the correct height for the individual you need to ask them to hold the stick in the hand opposite their â€Å"bad† side if there is one otherwise in their dominant hand eg right or left handed. Their hand should be level with the top of their thigh when resting on the stick, elbow slightly bent, shoulders level. Ensure the ferrule (suction foot) is not worn to avoid the stick slipping when leant on. Quadrupeds and tripods – for individuals who have difficulty walking on one particular leg Quadrupeds are for individuals with very poor mobility in one leg such as hip r knee degeneration or stroke. To ensure this is the correct size use the same method as described for the walking stick and again check the ferrules are not worn. Walking frames – for individuals needing considerable support Again use the same method to measure if they are the correct size as with the walking stick and again check the ferrules are no t worn. Wheelchair All wheelchairs should be fitted with the appropriate cushions to minimise the risk of developing pressure area problems Outcome 3 Be able to support individuals to keep mobile 1. romote the active participation of the individual during a mobility activity Active participation is a way of working that recognises an individual’s right to participate in the activities of everyday life as independently as possible; the individual is regarded as an active partner in their own care or support, rather than a passive recipient. It is important to encourage active participation of the individual during a mobility exercise through encouragement and support. You should encourage them to stretch just a little more or try one more repetition, providing it is following the set plan of care.Instead of clearing away their crockery after a meal, encourage them to assist you where possible. Don’t use a wheelchair to move an individual around just because it is quicke r. It is important to give an individual the time to do things at their pace rather than at yours. Sometimes a specific piece of equipment may be able to be used to assist the individual to participate in the move. For example – an individual may be able to transfer themselves from a wheelchair to a chair either by the use of a transfer board or simply by sing their upper body strength to slide across, once you have removed the wheelchair arm for them. This encourages the individual to exercise their upper body muscles and actively participate in the move, rather than you using a hoist to transfer them. 2. give feedback and encouragement to the individual during mobility activities. It is important to encourage and support an individual during mobility activities. This will increase their confidence and affect how well the individual carries out the activity.It is also important to ensure that the exercise is not too difficult or painful for the individual as this will make t hem reluctant to participate. Always report this if the individual is suffering pain or discomfort during the activity. Discuss any reluctance they may have to participate with them especially if the plan of care advises they are capable of the activity. It may be a lack of confidence or fear of falling which is stopping them from participating. Gentle encouragement, support and discussion will encourage the individual to be more willing to attempt the activity.Never be tempted to change the exercise activity which a physiotherapist has recommended, because an individual finds it easier as this could cause further mobility problems or pain. You can give an individual feedback on their improved mobility. Remind them of how much they have improved since starting the mobility activities, for example, â€Å"When you started these moves Mrs B you could only do five repetitions now you can do fifteen and twice as quickly†. Outcome 4 Be able to observe, record and report on activiti es to support MobilityThe learner can: 1. observe an individual to monitor changes and responses during a mobility activity As a carer you are in a good position to be able to monitor changes and responses to an individual’s mobility activity. These observations are vital when planning the care an individual needs. If you observe the individual having difficulties or improvements in their mobility, if the individual complains of pain or suffers the loss of confidence in a particular technique, it is important to report and record this.Who you report these changes to, will depend on the plan of care but it could be your senior or manager, the GP, community nurse, occupational therapist or physiotherapist. For example As a carer it may be your role to encourage and monitor how many times an individual is able to squeeze a rubber ball, to strengthen their hand and arm muscles after a stroke. By counting and reporting on the number of repetitions carried out you will enable the p hysiotherapist to see any improvements in the individual’s mobility. 2. record observations of mobility activityRecording an individual’s progress on a mobility activity is important. You need to carry out an exercise programme exactly as specified in the care plan and record and report the outcomes and any problems at each step. This is necessary as the physiotherapist will need to review what progress the individual is making, so that the exercise programme can be adjusted as and when needed. You will need to note how often the individual carried out the exercises and if you noticed any improvement to their flexibility or strength, alertness, general level of fitness and mobility.This should be recorded in the care plan notes. 3. report on progress and/or problems relating to the mobility activity including: * choice of activities If an individual enjoys a particular form or type of mobility activity, this should be recorded so that other are aware. It should also be reported to the person in charge of their mobility activity plan eg Physiotherapist. They will then be able to write an exercise plan to suit the individual based on the type of activities they enjoy.There are numerous mobility activities which individuals could take part in, some as a group activity and some as individuals, formal and informal. It is important that an individual agrees with the activity and also cooperates in it otherwise the activity will not take place or benefit them. * Equipment * Appliances These are items which assist an individual to become or continue to be mobile, by providing support. This includes walking sticks, crutches, quadrupeds and walking frames, transfer boards, wheelchairs, mobility scooters etc.It is important to monitor and regularly check how an individual is progressing when using any type of mobility appliance or equipment. As their mobility changes so might the aid they need for support change. If an individual has been using mobility equ ipment or appliance for support, whilst recovering from an injury or illness, it is important to encourage them to manage without it, before they become too dependent on it. If you feel an individual is not managing to use an appliance or piece of equipment correctly or safely, you should report this immediately the support provided. It is important to immediately report on any problems regarding the mobility support provided to an individual. This could be that you feel the support is inadequate or even excessive. For example the plan of care advises two carers assist the individual to move with the aid of a hoist, where you feel one carer would be sufficient as the individual is able and willing to use a transfer board, because their mobility had improved. You should always report accurately any observations you make regarding an individual’s support needs.

9 Ways To Turn Old Blog Posts Into New Content Ideas

9 Ways To Turn Old Blog Posts Into New Content Ideas Ever play 20 questions? This is like that. Just with fewer questions. If you’ve written a blog post, something must have inspired you to do it- love of the topic. Looming deadline. Desire to grow traffic. It could be anything. Have you really poked and prodded those old posts, though, and seen if there was more you could squeeze out of them? Much of the time we write a post and think, â€Å"There, I wrote about that topic. Done!† and move on to looking for a new idea. We talk a lot about reworking and repurposing content, but maybe you need a mechanism to help prompt you to see your old blog posts in a new light. Find your favorite blog posts, and let’s go through some questions about them. Time to kick off the dust and see what new content ideas are lurking in your old blog posts. 9 Ways To Create Outstanding New Content From Old Posts via @JulieNeidlinger Question #1: Was Your Post A  Good Idea? You may have loved writing the post, but did it get the traffic and traction you’d hoped for? Did people comment and share it on social media? Are you looking at your dashboard and seeing dismal stats? If the post seems to have bombed, it doesn’t mean the topic was bad, but that your idea was the wrong approach. Or, it might mean that your traffic back when you wrote the post was smaller than it is now, and your new audience might not even know it exists. If a post bombed, there is a lot to learn from it for new content ideas. #bloggingtipsAnswer: Yes, it was. People loved it. Perhaps your post was highly successful in all the usual measurements, getting: High traffic Lots of social shares Plenty of social proof Active comments section Several bloggers linking in from their own blog posts If that’s the case, good job. But keep reading this post. You're still not done with that idea even if your initial post was successful the first go-around. Action: Go to the next question. Answer: No, it really wasn’t. If your post just didn’t seem to work the first time around, great news: Not that many people apparently saw it! You can rework the post entirely, and bring that topic of the pile. For those readers who might stumble on your old post, use a 301 redirect (not a canonical redirect, which is for search engines) to send your readers to the new one. You keep whatever traffic that old one may have received and funnel it to the new post. If you’re worried about using a 301 redirect, don’t be. It isn’t going to hurt you very much. According to Google’s Matt Cutts, you’ll lose only a â€Å"tiny little bit† if you use this technique. Don’t dwell on the old post. Point people to the new content you’re about to create. Action: Move on to question #2. Question #2: Do You Have More You Want To Say? As much as you may have written in that first post, are you dying to talk more about it? I know I have my favorite topics that I like to write about, and each time I sit down to write about them, new ideas pop into my head. Often, we can talk about a topic repeatedly because: There are changes or updates that affect the original take on the topic. You’ve learned some additional information. You’ve changed your mind. Reader feedback has made it clear you need to flesh out more of the topic. You feel like you just want to write more, or could say it differently. Take a look at your favorite posts, especially your older posts. Do these five criteria fit? Answer: Yes, I could definitely talk more about it. This is the best place to be. Not only do you have a foundational post to refer to when you write about that same topic, but you also have reader feedback and reaction to respond and refer to as well. Action: Move on to the next question, or write the new post. Answer: No, I’m done talking about it. If you feel like you’ve written the pants off of that topic, you probably won’t get much more out of trying now. I’d encourage you to use your editorial calendar, though, and add a note in six months or a year to revisit that old post. You might have more to say about it then, even if only to point out how that topic hasn’t changed for you. Action: Add a note to your calendar, and see question #9. Question #3: Is It A  Topic That Readers Could Benefit From More Coverage? Whether you want to write more on it or not, your readers may need you to. You’ll know if readers want more coverage by how and what they’re saying on social media (in response to that post) or in the blog comments section. Answer: Yes, readers seem to want to know more. More than once we’ve written blog posts that respond directly to comments readers have made on this blog. Comments that lend well to additional blog posts follow a general pattern. I don’t understand. I disagree, and here’s why. I don’t think this would work for me. Here’s my specific situation. Would this work for me? This is so helpful. I especially like the part about _____. New blog posts on that topic will explain what readers didn’t understand. They might show how to use an idea in several real-world scenarios so readers can identify better with how it applies to them. And, when someone picks out a part they really like...that’s a gold mine. Go into more detail. Action: Move on to the next question, or write the new post. Contact readers directly (like I did for this post) and ask them more questions about their comments to get even more ideas. Answer: No, there isn’t much interest. If people didn’t share the post much and readers didn’t seem to respond much, or only responded â€Å"great post!† it’s time to reconsider the original idea. Action: Head back to question #1. Question #4: Could You Write About It In A  Different Style? There are two styles at work in every post: your writing style, and your readers' learning styles. This provides you a huge variety of ways to write blog posts based on the same ideas. You may prefer to write in the style(s) of: Teacher Insider Outsider Expert Newbie Observer Cryptographer Convincer Your reader may prefer content that fits their propensity for: Visual learning Numbers and data Lots of text Social references (quotes, links, etc.) Action: Write the post or head on to the next question. Answer: Yes, I could mix it up a bit. You’ll naturally have one you prefer to write as, but you can force yourself to take a different style. Take your topic idea. Choose a different writing style. Wrap your head around what that will sound like. Then choose a learning style. For example, you may write as if you were a newbie relying on lots of text. The next time, you might write as an expert using lots of data. Action: Move on to the next question, or write the new post. Answer: No, I really prefer to write in my strengths. You know what? That’s perfectly fine. Writing is enough work without writing in weaknesses. If you don’t think you can write about the topic from a different approach, don’t worry about it. You have every right to maintain a consistent tone and style on your blog. Action: Move to question #7. Question #5: Could You Re-Edit It And Clean It Up? Sometimes those older posts are pretty good structurally, but they need some cleaning up. This is especially true for those massive lists of links that are such great attention-getters (â€Å"100 Best Apps For Finding Great Restaurants!†) but that age poorly. Answer: Yes, with some clean-up that post is still viable. When it comes to cleaning up a post, your focus should be on: Improving writing and grammar. (Yes, you’ve gotten better as a writer since then.) Finding and removing or replacing dead links. Updating references and data to reflect the current state of affairs. (e.g. â€Å"guest blog like crazy!† to â€Å"Matt Cutts said guest blogging is dead!†) Redoing images to fit a more current look. Remove any that might be guilty of copyright infringement. Canva and other free blog graphics tools might not have been around when you wrote the original, but they are  now! Adding expertise you’ve gained since you wrote the original post. You could rewrite the post but keep it similar in approach. Or, you could reference that old post and talk about how things have changed since then. Action: Clean up that old post, repackage it for now, and publish it new. Use a 301 redirect if the posts are highly similar. Move on to the next question. Answer: No, that post is a dog and no cleanup will help. Fair enough. Action: If the post is really bad, use the 301 redirect technique of question #1 to point it to a newer and related post on your blog (if you have one). Move on to question #9. Question #6: Could You Break It Into Pieces? If you’re doing long form posts, especially, you probably have a lot of content there that you couldn’t go into the greatest detail because, you know, 3,000 words. Breaking your original blog post into pieces means you can do that deep dive and turn one blog post into five. Answer: Yes, I could go into more detail. By breaking your blog post into detailed parts, you have the potential for creating a powerful series of content. That can be used in email autoresponder courses to help generate email sign-ups. It can be used as an ebook later. Hopefully you used a good outline and headings, because that will help in breaking up your post logically. Headings: Your headings and subheadings might be the basis for an expandable blog post. Numbered items: Your numbered items within that body content might be the basis for a list post. Questions: If you write and use questions in your body copy, find them. Can answering those questions be a post of its  own? Data: Any place you have data, charts, case study information, etc. is  a possible opportunity to expand and explain how and why. In long posts, data is often used as a proof. Going into detail is when you explain how you arrived at that data in the first place. Action: Write your new posts or head on to the next question. Answer: No, I don’t have any more detail to share. Perhaps the post was poorly structured, rambled, or carried all the detail you could possibly extract on the subject. Either way, it doesn’t seem a fit candidate for divvying up into smaller parts. Action: Move on to question #9. Question #7: Could You Write About The Post Itself? We all like a little behind the scenes. If you have a post that was successful or got a lot of buzz, would you be willing to talk about that experience? This is particularly valuable if you are in the content marketing niche. Other content marketers like to find out how you create your content. Answer: Heck yes, I’d love to share the experience. Pulling back the curtain to reveal what happened behind the scenes of a popular old post makes for a great story. In this type of approach, you’ll reveal: Your ideation, writing, and editing process. Social, comment, and direct email responses from readers (generalized, to protect their privacy). The struggles, laughs, and raging deadlines you had. Your reaction when the post became popular. What you learned from the experience. The last one, summarizing what you learned, is a very popular blog post approach. How many headlines have you seen that say â€Å"I did ____ and this is what I learned.† Action: Write the post, or move on to the next question. Answer: No. I don’t think anyone would care. I have just the site for you: Click here. Even if you don’t have a viral post or some massive 8th Wonder Of The Blogging World, your readers are probably still curious about how you work. But, if you insist no one would be interested, OK. Action: Move on to question #9. Question #8: Could You Rewrite It As A  Guest Post? You’ve done the research and the work. Why wouldn’t you extend it as a guest post? Guest blogging is still a fantastic way to take your content and get it in front of new readers. Answer: Yes, I’m into guest posts and this would work. The first thing you have to do is make certain that what you will be writing will fit the host blog’s guidelines. If they want only previously unpublished posts, you’ll need to rework it significantly so that your old post is not the same as the new one. Secondly, you’ll want to write your guest post to fit the host blog’s audience. It might not be the exact same as yours as far as their learning style or how the host blog wants posts written. Action: Write the post by reviewing question #6. Or, move on to the next question. Answer: No, I don’t do guest posts. That’s fine. Not everyone does. Action: Move on to question #9. Question #9: Can You Turn It Into A  Different Format Entirely? If you absolutely cannot write on a topic again, you’re still not off the hook. It’s now time to repurpose your blog posts. You have reached the point where you need to see your written content as visual content, or send it elsewhere to keep doing some work for you. This means you’ll take your blog post and turn it into: Infographics Slide decks Social sharing graphics Videos Podcasts Ebooks Webinars Syndication Email autoresponder course Printable worksheets That list is by no means definitive. There are many ways to repurpose content forms. Answer: Yes, this post would work well in a different format. Each blog post has an ideal repurposed format, depending on the type of post it is. We’ve identified 10 easy blog post approaches in the past, but there are so many more. Data: Blog posts with lots of data will do well as infographics, ebooks, and slide decks. How-to: Blog posts that are written as how-to posts will do well as videos, slide decks, webinars, email courses, and ebooks. Interviews: Blog posts that are interviews will do well as social graphics, with the best quotes pulled from the post for each graphic you create. If you can get the original interviewee back, a podcast would work, too. Lists: Blog posts that are lists do well as social graphics if the list items are memorable (one item per graphic). They also make great slide decks. Case studies: Case studies are great topics of conversation in a podcast or video. Stories: Blog posts heavy on narrative and â€Å"what I learned† work well as podcasts, ebooks, and videos. Reviews: Blog posts that review products or services often have a shorter shelf life and aren’t as evergreen. Used quickly enough while still relevant, they make a great video (especially if you demo the product). Updates on an earlier review are always possible. Checklists: These types of blog posts work well with ebooks, infographics, and worksheets. See what you can make of your post. By creating these alternate forms of your written content, you’re pointing people back to the original post in a new way. Answer: No, I’m done. Time to get started brainstorming and find brand new ideas. You’ve worn out the idea and squeezed the last drop of content out of it. Good job! Don't forget to get your own map of these questions to simply